graph TD A[Climate] --> F(Soil Formation) B[Organisms] --> F C[Relief] --> F D[Parent Material] --> F E[Time] --> F
AGRI4401 Precision Agriculture
June 30, 2025
graph TD A[Climate] --> F(Soil Formation) B[Organisms] --> F C[Relief] --> F D[Parent Material] --> F E[Time] --> F
Overview of weathering processes and soil horizon formation.
graph TD
A[Parent Material<br>Bedrock] --> B[Weathering<br>Physical, Chemical, Biological]
B --> C[Additions<br>Organic matter]
B --> D[Losses<br>Leaching]
B --> E[Translocations<br>Clay, minerals]
B --> F[Transformations<br>Humus formation]
C --> G[Horizon Development]
D --> G
E --> G
F --> G
Overview of how texture, structure, & topography drive spatial variability and management zoning.
flowchart LR A[Soil Sampling] --> B[Lab Analysis] B --> C[Variability Map] C --> D[Zone Delineation] D --> E[VRA]
flowchart LR A[Soil Props] --> B(ECa Signal) C[Env Factors] --> B B --> D[Variability Maps] D --> E[Zones] E --> F[Recommendations]
Illustration: ECa techniques for texture variability & zoning.
graph LR EM[EMI] --> Data[ECa Data] RES[Resistivity] --> Data Data --> Map[Georeferenced Map] Map --> Analysis[Variability] Analysis --> Zones[Management Zones]
graph TD A[Structure] --> B[Aggregate Classes] A --> C[Proximal Sensors] C --> D[Porosity Map] C --> E[Bulk Density] E --> F[Compaction Zones] F --> G[Root Constraints] G --> H[Yield Impacts]
flowchart LR Porosity -->|inverse| BulkDensity BulkDensity --> SensorCoupling SensorCoupling --> ECa Porosity --> WaterRetention WaterRetention --> ECa
graph TD
A[Pore-Size Distribution in Soil]
A --> B[Macropores >0.08 mm]
A --> C[Micropores <0.08 mm]
B --> D[Drainage]
B --> E[Aeration]
C --> F[Water Retention]
D --> G[Prevents Waterlogging]
E --> H[Facilitates Root Respiration]
F --> I[Provides Water for Plant Uptake]
G --> J[Promotes Root Growth]
H --> J[Promotes Root Growth]
I --> K[Enhances Water Availability]
J --> L[Agricultural Productivity]
K --> L[Agricultural Productivity]
graph LR A[EMI Survey] --> B[ECa Map] B --> C[pH Model] C --> D[Lime VRA Map] D --> E[Yield Benefit]
graph LR A[EMI Sensor] --> B[ECa Data] B --> C[GIS Interpolation] C --> D[ECa Map] D --> E[Zones] E --> F[VRA]
flowchart LR EC[EC Sensor] --> IN[Integration] GR[Gamma Radiometry] --> HT[Hand Texturing] --> IN IN --> MAP[Variability Map] MAP --> ZONES[Management Zones]
graph LR A[Sampling Grid] --> B[GPS Georeferencing] B --> C[Variogram Analysis] C --> D[Spatial Interpolation] D --> E[Digital Map] E --> F[Validation]
Comparison of EM38 & Veris ECa depth responses and property correlations.
flowchart LR EM38[EM38 0-50 cm] --> DR[Depth Response] Veris[Veris 0-100 cm] --> DR DR --> Cor[Correlations] Cor --> Clay[Clay CEC] Cor --> Sec[OM, silt, moisture]
graph TD
A[Pore Size Distribution]
A --> B[Macropores >0.08 mm]
A --> C[Micropores <0.08 mm]
B --> D[Drainage Saturation 0 kPa]
B --> E[Aeration]
C --> F[Water Retention Field Capacity -33 kPa]
D --> G[Prevents Waterlogging]
E --> H[Supports Root Respiration]
F --> I[Water Available Until Wilting Point -1500 kPa]
G --> J[Promotes Root Growth]
H --> J[Promotes Root Growth]
I --> K[Ensures Water Availability]
J --> L[Agricultural Productivity]
K --> L[Agricultural Productivity]
flowchart LR SP[Soil Traits] --> NORM[Normalize] NDVI[NDVI Time Series] --> NORM NORM --> CL[Clustering] CL --> MAP[Root Zone Map]
flowchart LR A[EM Survey] --> B[Regression Calibration] B --> C[Volumetric Water] C --> D[3D Moisture Surfaces] D --> E[Groundwater Model] E --> F[Yield Prediction]
flowchart LR A[Piezometers & Probes] --> B[Data Assimilation] C[Remote Sensing] --> B B --> D[MODFLOW Model] D --> E[Hydraulic Heads & Fluxes] E --> F[Crop Uptake Coupling] F --> G[Irrigation & Nutrient Decisions]
flowchart LR A[Profit-Driver Analysis] --> B[Field Data Collection] B --> C[Equipment Calibration] C --> D[Generate VRA Maps] D --> E[Implementation Schedule] E --> F[ROI Monitoring]